Photos from the 2021-2022 HS year
Category: Keoni’s Portfolio 2021-2022 HS
Unit 6: Speech and Debate Project
Q: Do you think there should be laws enacted to further regulate media and speech in the United States?
No, I do not believe there should be further laws to restrict and regulate media and speech in general. I believe that the current laws that are in place that restrict those things regarding the first amendment are suitable for our time. Even though there are many issues such as racist behavior, derogatory comments, and other negative forms of speech, these are considered issues with morals, not necessarily the freedom of speech. Some other forms of speech that are protected by law are profanity and mean or rude tones. In addition to this, there are current restrictions on speech that help to prevent illegal behavior. An example of this would be if a U.S. Citizen stated that they were aspiring to commit some type of crime, like robbery perhaps. This statement would be considered an offense and is not protected under the first amendment.
According to the United States Constitution, the first amendment states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” The amendment, it talks about various forms of expression such as religion, freedom of the press, and lastly, speech.
With the protections of the amendment in mind, some individuals still argue that there should be further restrictions put on speech and media which is mainly due to moral issues. One of these issues is a term individuals refer to as “Hate Speech”. According to Oxford Languages, hate speech is, “abusive or threatening speech or writing that expresses prejudice against a particular group, especially on the basis of race, religion, or sexual orientation.”
Essentially, what hate speech means is any media or speech an individual or group may use that is hurtful in some way to another individual or group. But even though this may be a term in the language of some, it is not referred to in any form in law.
As The Federalist put it, “For the purposes of the First Amendment, there is no difference between free speech and hate speech”. Now, with this in mind, arguments based on how there need to be further regulations on speech to protect others from “hate speech” isn’t valid, because speech is allowed, even if it may be deemed as offensive to others.
In regards to something similar, some would argue that “fighting words” (which is a term that is legally defined) is a direct correlation to hate speech. The courts define “fighting words” as a face-to-face insult directed at a specific person for the purpose of provoking a fight. By comparing the two, we can see that the definition of “fighting words” is in fact different from hate speech. This case is the same for incitement, which is not a form of hate speech either but is a form of speech that is not protected under the first amendment.
In conclusion, the United States does not need to have further laws put in place to regulate speech. There currently are many laws that already regulate speech and help to protect others, such as fighting words of incitement which are defined in law.
Sources:
https://thefederalist.com/2017/04/20/sorry-college-kids-theres-no-thing-hate-speech/
Unit 7: Speech and Debate Project (pt.1)
Task: State and support your opinion on the following statement. The United States Federal government should adopt a carbon tax to help reduce CO2 emissions.
Proposed “carbon taxes” have the main intention of helping to reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the price of fossil fuels. If this tax were to be adopted, it would make it very difficult for the American public to purchase fossil fuels to power their vehicles or other gas-powered tools/appliances. Another intention of this is to decrease the demand for fossil fuel-related goods and services which pushes individuals or businesses to utilize more “eco-friendly” alternatives such as Electric Vehicles, appliances, etc. From my perspective, I believe that carbon taxes are not a good idea, and it should not be adopted at this time (or at all). If such a tax were to be imposed, it could have negative consequences on the American public.
A potential negative consequence of imposing a carbon tax in the United States would be an increased difficulty for transportation. Since the majority of vehicles and other forms of public transportation involve fossil fuels, this makes being able to get from one place to another very difficult. Switching from ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicles to EVs (Electric Vehicles) would be must easier if there was infrastructure and a larger number of options for people to purchase an EV.
Currently, EVs are very expensive to produce because of the battery components and increased demand for semiconductor chips. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused slowdowns in the supply chain which has further contributed to the cost of producing these vehicles. As a result, most electric vehicles on the market cost $35,000+.
In regards to the argument for the utilization of public transportation, most of its forms still involve fossil fuels. A very small percentage of public transportation actually uses technology that reduces emissions or has no emissions (such as EVs or Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles). Simply, the United States lacks the infrastructure to allow for more zero-emission solutions. While there has been evidence showing that carbon taxes effectively reduce emissions, it still hurts the American public.
At this time, alternatives to fossil fuels for the use of appliances and transportation is not at the same level of performance or reliability as fossil fuels. Even with the amount of research and development going into alternative energy sources for transportation, there will be a significant amount of time before these renewable or clean energy sources become actually reliable. The infrastructure that currently stands is not powered by 100% renewable energy but rather non-renewable energy that has a relation to fossil fuels. There is still a very low percentage of places in the world that can rely on power from most renewable energy sources such as Wind, Solar, Geothermal, or Hydroelectricity.
In conclusion, while encouraging further development and adoption of alternative renewable energy sources is a great idea, forcing others to switch is not. With all of the issues concerning the American people, reducing Carbon emissions should not be the #1 priority, but rather investing in the health, safety, and wellbeing of others in the country.
Unit 7: Speech and Debate Project (pt. 2)
Task: Should the United States keep the Electoral college system instead of a national popular vote?
Ever since the ratification of the United States Constitution, the Electoral College has been used in the process of electing the president and vice president of the country. As mentioned and explained in the first section of Article II in the U.S. Constitution, each state is directed to appoint a number of electors that are equal to a state’s own number of representatives from the House and the Senate in Congress. Within this clause, each legislature for a state has the ability to determine how they are to appoint electors for the state, but those who hold a federal office position are prohibited from becoming an elector.
Today, some argue that a direct popular vote is a better method of electing the president instead of the Electoral College system. Additionally, these critics have argued that there is inequality in the voting system where smaller populations have a higher proportion of voting power than those in more populated states. Despite this, I believe that the Electoral College system is a vital function of the United States Government.
One reason why I consider the Electoral College to be a vital function is that it allows smaller states to also have a say in the elections. According to nationalpopularvote.com (through wiki), when combining the 50 largest cities in the United States, it only accounts for about 15% of the total population of the country. If there were to be an election utilizing the popular vote system, the larger, more populated states would easily gain favor in the election over the smaller, less populated states.
Another reason why the current voting system should stay is that it encourages candidates in the presidential election to campaign in lower populated areas. This is important because people in different areas of the country have different concerns on issues. If the president were to be elected through a raw national vote, states that are smaller and more rural would be of no interest to presidential candidates, as more largely populated areas would be of higher interest.
The main concern that many have about the national popular voting system (including the founding fathers) is that there is a risk of giving the power to the uninformed public. Having the Electoral College is essentially a balance of power between the larger, more populated states, and the smaller, less populated states. Minorities’ concerns are highly significant in this system as are all of the states.
The last reason why I think the Electoral College is still relevant today is that it simplifies the process of campaigning. Under the system of a national popular vote, presidential candidates from either competing party must appeal to a majority of the population of the entire nation. This not only increases the amount of time needed to campaign across several states, but it is also more costly.
With the Electoral College system, presidential candidates from either the Democrat or Republican parties do not have to spend much of their time and money campaigning in states that are already leaning in favor of their political parties. For example, Republican presidential candidates have a much less need for campaigning in a state like Alaska or Texas, which are already Right-leaning, politically. The main focus of the Electoral college system is to appeal to states that could vote either way politically (which are referred to as swing states) or states that are generally changing in political opinions or belief sets.
In Conclusion, while utilizing a national popular voting system as means for electing the President (and Vice President) of the United States may seem appealing on the surface, its cons outweigh the benefits. The founding fathers of the United States clearly chose the Electoral College system for a purpose and that is to keep the balance of power within the country which has shown relevance ever since the establishment of the U.S. Constitution. If this system were to be abolished or replaced with a different voting system, the opinions and concerns of minorities in the country would be in jeopardy.
Unit 7: Interior Design Project
Task: What tools or concepts do Interior Design Professionals use when creating a harmonious and functional space? Include images or drawing to show the concepts.
When Interior Designers mention “harmony” or “unity” in their design projects, they are referring to all of the elements of a space that come together to help create a visually appealing sense of connectedness. In other words, all of the design pieces work together to make a space functional, and great to view. To create this sense of unity, that Interior Designers intend to design, many use the concept of sightlines and axiality. When planning houses or interior spaces, Architects and Interior Designers will often think about the concept of sight lines as it helps to add a sense of spaciousness in places where you can see through several rooms at the same time.
With the second part of the concept, Axiality is the idea that the longer the sightline alignment, the better the design. In this sense, an Axis is a made-up line that is drawn between two respective points that go through multiple rooms. So what is the actual purpose of this, and why has it shown importance in design? For designers, the Axis gives the viewer a greater sense of the space which allows them to see multiple spaces and how they are connecting using multiple elements. For example, designers use Axiality and Sightlines to show clients a concept that integrates their wants and needs; leading to a beautifully functional area or space. In regards to residential spaces, designers ask themselves, what will someone see when they first walk into the space? What does the client want to be the focal point of the space, and what looks visually appealing for this space?
To better integrate different design languages for architecture, interior designers use certain methods that make it visually appealing. One of these concepts is Repetition which is a common means of creating a structure for a space. If similar elements are repeated in multiple places in space, the interior design can be considered more cohesive or understandable by
outside observers. The point of having repetition is for a space to make sense. An example of this would be if a kitchen had a kitchen with three different types of tile or other floorings. By having textures and colors that do not necessarily complement each other visually, the space will not feel well designed or considered.
Another more subtle concept for designing a harmonious and functional space is Gradual Increase. Essentially, under this method of designing, objects or colors in a space should be displayed in a way that shows variety. A great representation of this idea is having variation in a certain color for painting a wall, to create a sense of depth. Further representations of this concept may apply to things such as candles, displays, and other decorations.
In Conclusion, a space that would be considered functional and harmonious is based on the concepts of axiality, sightlines, repetition, and gradual increases. If a space properly integrates these design concepts for making space, it can provide for a client’s needs and wants.
Unit 6: Interior Design
Objective: Explain how mathematics contributes to Interior Design and how it can help to create a space that is functional and beautiful.
According to a quote from Johannes Kepler, “Geometry has two great
treasures: one of them is Pythagoras’ theorem, the other is the golden ratio.”
The golden ratio is a mathematical formula and interior design concept that has been used by professional interior designers to calculate proportions and composition in interior design but also in art, music, and architecture. The first people that are believed to define the golden ratio are a 12th-century Italian mathematician Fibonacci and an ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras. In mathematical terms, the golden ratio is described as a+b where a is the longer section and b is the shorter section.
Furthermore, this means that a+b is to a, what a is to b, or in other words, it means that if the whole length of the object, space, or thing by the longer length, it will equal exactly to the longer length by the shorter length. Essentially, this ratio helps to create things in harmonious proportions in terms of visuals.
Along with the visuals of a space, mathematics has aided interior designers in making spaces more functional to the users of the space. An example of this would be in a kitchen area where the people that will be using it are of a small height. Adjusting the design of the countertops can enable them to have a more functional space that can maximize the usefulness of the space. Another application of mathematics could be in furniture placement in a room that can both add to the visual appeal of the area but also functionality. If the furniture is placed too far apart, or too far away, this can pose an issue to those using the space.
Resources:
The Interior Design Handbook by: Frida Ramstedt
https://www.homesandgardens.com/advice/the-golden-ratio
https://jaejohns.com/how-to-use-the-golden-ratio-in-interior-design/
https://www.synergyce.com/proportionately-yours-the-math-of-Interior-design.php
Unit 5: Interior Design
Task: Discuss what you learned in Interior Design during this Learning Period and any projects you have done.
During my time in this learning period in Interior Design, I was introduced to multiple aspects that make a space the way it is. Each type of interior space has its own “personality” in a sense, especially in residential spaces. In this unit, I changed my perspective from looking at Interior Design from a professional designer perspective to the perspective of the average person. What I learned is that not everyone has the skill or knowledge to construct a space that fits their needs and those of their families. In regards to why changing my perspective, in this case, is important; the overall function of space helps cater to the needs of those who live in it. The interior design book that I took much of my learning from (‘The Interior Design Handbook by Frida Ramstedt) posed the question “Who are you, what do you do in your home, and for whom?” Now, this question is quite simple but is hard for many to understand when it comes to implementing design principles to fit what they need and/or want.
As a core design principle for residential spaces, a home should be a place designed to stay, not for display. Many people may have already toured multiple homes in all shapes and sizes and a common theme of many of these display homes is that they often favor looks over utility. Model homes are there simply to showcase an idea, not to showcase how a family should live in their home. In relation to my point on how spaces all have a personality, I believe that the personality of the residents of a home should also be reflected in the place where they live.
For example, the home of someone who loves comic book characters should reflect that interest in some way as well. I believe that if more people become aware of how they can better integrate the design principle of making their space functional and harmonious with their interests, they will be positively impacted and helped to lead happier lives.
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Unit 8: Interior Design
Task: Given your understanding of what an interior designer and an architect are, explain how the two professions work together to complete projects. What are some of their similarities and differences?
Within their respective spaces, architects and interior designers contribute to making a space look, feel, and function the way their clients want. Interior designers are responsible for creating functionality and form of a space, that tends to their client’s needs. Additionally, those in this profession use their experience and education to resolve, identify, and research issues in design in order to optimize the area in a space to make it functional. On the other hand, Architects are professionally specialized in making the shape of a space based on a client’s ideas or principles that they want to be applied. Along with this architects must create a structure for these spaces and make their exterior applicable to commercial, residential, or industrial spaces.
Through being able to comprehend the role of both architects and interior designers when it comes to either renovating or constructing an entirely new space, how are they able to work together? From a very basic perspective, buildings generally have two parts to be considered, which are the interior and exterior. So, in order to work together, architects and designers make sure that at least the exterior parts of a building complement the interior design theme, if not applicable both ways. In summarization of the words of a well-known architect in Manhattan, Kent Johnson, he believes that it is of the utmost importance that architects understand the objectives of the designer such as colors, finishes, and furnishings, earlier on in the design process. Both the interior designer and the architect need to be understanding of how the space is to be used and seen. For example, furniture in a living room is an essential component of a home.
The designer has the responsibility (in terms of working with the architect) of where the light switches, electrical outlets, and audio and visual equipment are to be located to optimize the space for a client.
An important element that adds to the elements that make space is lighting. Both professions make lighting a large part of their design schemes. Based on the client’s needs or wants for the aesthetics of a room, designers are to work with light in order to make the room as dark or bright as the client necessitates. Furthermore, designers also choose fixtures that fit the intended design style, and that also value function. Architects in terms of lighting take the job of looking into architectural types of lighting such as built-in fixtures, cove lighting, and downlights.
Another important part of the design process is that both professions in the space work on it collaborating on ceilings. The size of a space has a significant impact on how one perceives it. Low ceilings, on the other hand, can make a room feel claustrophobic and cave-like, whereas vaulted ceilings make a room feel higher, wider, and more open. Ceilings can have a lasting impact on setting the sense of a room for both architects and designers, especially when combined with appropriate lighting or other characteristics such as plaster moldings.
Cabinetry is a further component that architects and designers work together on as properly utilizing storage and having a visually appealing space, is one of the main objectives. Cabinetry frequently establishes a space by connecting two spaces in the event of a low component or separating a space in the case of a tall component. The architect will usually design the built-in storage cabinets, while the designer will choose the material and color, but both disciplines must guarantee that each item fits into the overall design of the area.
The last critical piece of space when being constructed by a designer and architect are walls, which contribute to defining different spaces. While the architect may design and construct the wall, the designer will collaborate with the customer to determine how it will be treated, whether it be with paint, glass, metal, stone, or another material. In a design sense, It helps to tie the place together and completes the area and something that those in a room will inevitably see. Having a wall placed where it can both function (like dividing two spaces) and be visually appealing, is the last part of the design process that can make a space amazing.
Unit 6: English 12 B Essay
Task: Option 1: Students will select a focused topic of interest within the desired career field and research multiple sources to expand their knowledge of the full range of perspectives and positions on the topic. Integrating a minimum of three valid and credible sources, effective rhetorical devices, and collaborative discussions, students will write a 4-6 page argumentative research paper.
Desired Career Field: Dentistry
The focused topic of Interest: Is it a better idea to go with the HSCP (or HPSP) Navy scholarship or take out student loans to pay for Dental school?
From what I have gathered in my research about the HSCP and HPSP scholarships with the United States Navy, I found that in my case, it is a great idea. I would say though, that this scholarship opportunity is not for everyone and its requirements can be quite demanding. Both of the Navy scholarships require you to pass from Officer Development School (ODS), be in good physical condition, and be willing to work wherever they need you around the world once you graduate from Dental school. In addition to these requirements, you must also have been admitted to an American Dental Association (ADA) approved school and be under the age of 42 years old.
In contrast with the opinion of opponents of the scholarships, I believe that it is still an amazing opportunity. Starting with the Navy Health Scholarship Collegiate Program (HSCP), the United States Navy essentially pays you a salary ranging from $3500 to $5610 a month while you attend Dental school according to Colorado State University. Along with this, those who attain this scholarship are marked as active-duty, meaning that while they attend school, they are earning service time.
The individuals who plan on being in the field of Dentistry or in the medical field in general; need to consider all of the parts of the HSCP or HPSP that they would not be willing to commit to. One of the disadvantages of being a part of the Navy scholarship program is that you may have to work in an environment that you don’t like. According to the US Navy, there are more than 250 naval and medical facilities that a Dental officer (or another Medical officer) may be assigned to in a wide range of countries. To some, this is a chance to see the world while working as a Dentist (or other healthcare professional) but to most individuals, this means time away from family, which is a common complaint about being in the military in general.
Another disadvantage that I have found with the scholarships is that the military can be very demanding in terms of professionalism. With any military branch, all enlisted personnel or officers are required to act, dress, and speak a certain way, which showcases its high standards. Although this may pose a barrier to many individuals, it is another learning opportunity that can help others to hone their communication skills, leadership skills, ability to work with others, ability to work under pressure, and financial responsibility.
Unlike the HSCP, the Health Professional Scholarship Program (HPSP) pays for all of the student’s expenses (tuition, books, room & board, food, and other supplies) but does not mark them as active duty. There are several reasons why an applicant might choose the HPSP over the HSCP as they cover all expenses but overall, applicants have the potential to earn more and receive greater long-term benefits with the HSCP. Individuals who plan on living at home with their parents while they attend Dental school (or Medical school) should strongly consider the HSCP over the HPSP.
Looking at both scholarship opportunities, they both come with the same great benefits that come along with being in the military such as educational opportunities, leadership skills development, the ability to serve around the world, military discounts, and many others. Additionally, those who have attained the scholarship and served their minimum service requirement (3 to 4 years) have the opportunity of receiving a stay-on bonus and retirement.
As for those people who plan to opt in for taking out student loans, I believe that it is not a good idea. In the United States, the average cost for tuition and fees in public and in-state Dental schools is about $37,877 for tuition while the cost for private dental schools is about $67,087 according to the ADA. Given that dental school typically lasts about 4 years, this means that a dental student will need to pay $151,000 (for public in-state) to upwards of $268,000 (for private). Being a student that is a part of the Navy HSCP or HPSP will be a dramatic advantage in comparison to planning to pay for their tuition, books, and other expenses on their own.
In short, both of the scholarships that the United States Navy offers to future healthcare professionals are a great opportunity that offers many benefits and allows citizens to serve their country, which is very patriotic. Despite some of the strict requirements that the scholarships have in order to receive your benefits, many people should consider it.
Sources:
https://www.navy.com/careers/dentist;
https://colostate.academicworks.com/
Unit 8: English 12 B Essay
Option 1: Expository Essay – Building on the theme and concepts in the selected literature, students will write an expository essay in which they discuss further their ideas about a significant point made in the novel. Students will show through the essay they conducted responsible research to support their ideas, including identifying relevant and reliable sources and taking appropriate notes. The essay will include a strong thesis statement and several supporting details and examples, along with properly cited sources within the essay and on the Works Cited page. The essay will also include a proper introduction and conclusion in an organized paper.
What is an expository essay?
- is a genre of essay that requires the student to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea, and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner.
Chosen Literature: Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser
Fast food is an ever-growing market, in millions of Americans across the country have bought into. However, the question is, how has the fast-food industry as a whole affected the country? In Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser, the author goes into depth about some of the effects that fast food has had on food quality and the American public’s health. The general message throughout the book emphasizes how the industry of fast food has made food quality across the globe much worse, deteriorated employee working conditions, and hurt public health.
One of the great points that Schlosser makes is that fast food franchises have been known to target the children demographic. If you look at fast-food chains like McDonald’s, you may see advertisements that contain fun cartoon characters or at the physical restaurants where they have children’s playgrounds. These specific restaurant chains want to encourage young people to think fast food is fun and delicious, which makes children want to eat more. Organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Institute of Medicine have agreed that messages in food marketing are usually successful in encouraging youth to more consistently bother their parents to get more fast food.
In addition to the marketing targeted at children, fast food can have a drastic effect on the human body. A way that food from these types of restaurants can hurt people’s health is by raising their blood pressure. According to health.clevelandclinic.org “many fast food-items with sodium, which acts as a preservative and enhances taste…” but “The problem is, high-sodium diets are known to increase blood pressure, which puts stress on your cardiovascular system. “ Issues that arise from this include having a stroke, heart failure, or a heart attack based on how badly too much consumption does for someone’s body.
Another major part of fast food affecting public health is the utilization of fried oils, high carbohydrates, and high amounts of calories in fast food items. With the fried oils, it can dramatically affect one’s cholesterol which can also cause a heart attack or stroke. As stated by mayoclinic.org, high cholesterol can help others develop fat deposits within their blood vessels which reduce the amount of blood flow in people’s arteries and eventually can result in a clot.
Furthermore, carbohydrates are an additional problem that contributes to digestive issues in individuals. Fast food items are usually low in fiber and high in carbohydrates which can lead to issues like constipation, a decrease in healthy gut bacteria, and diverticular disease which is the development of small bulging pouches in the digestive tract. With this, these restaurants have also shown to put a large number of calories in their foods. The high amount of calories in this food affects weight gain as well. In parallel to affecting weight gain, carbohydrates affect the gut bacteria which helps to burn a high amount of calories.
Regarding fat food’s effects on employees, these companies have paid a poverty-level wage and created dangerous working conditions. In these establishments, several hazards have affected the health of employees such as slippery floors, sharp objects, hot cooking equipment, electricity, and violent crimes that can occur. Of the most common injuries in fast food establishments among employees are serious burns from working with hot cooking equipment. During times of high traffic in fast food establishments, workers may be rushed and can be burned when cleaning or cooking with the deep fryer or with hot grills.
In conclusion, several negative effects come from the fast-food industry. These effects range from affecting the lives of employees that work in this industry to the individuals that buy from fast food establishments. Several health risks associated with fast food items have made negative contributions to society, and it has not changed much since the publishing of Fast Food Nation.
Works Cited Page:
- https://www.thehartlawfirm.com/library/fast-food-workers-face-dangers-of-serious-injuries-at-work.cfm
- https://www.eatthis.com/surprising-reason-fast-food-makes-you-fat/
- https://health.clevelandclinic.org/heres-how-fast-food-can-affect-your-body/
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-20350800#:~:text=With%20high%20cholesterol%2C%20you%20can,a%20heart%20attack%20or%20stroke.
Unit 3: English 12 A Writing
Task: In 1 to 2 pages, write about why literature is a significant component in history. Use references to certain pieces of literature, figures, or events to emphasize why literature is important if necessary.
Through its dictionary definition, literature is defined as being “writings having excellence of form or expression and expression ideas of permanent or universal interest.” In history, literature has played a key role in not only the theatrical space but has influenced the way we understand the viewpoints or beliefs of others. A famous playwright named William Shakespeare was known for his style of literature and what type of scenes is played in the theater. One of his most well-known plays, Macbeth was a tragic story that expressed a lot of the emotions that we as humans feel on a daily basis such as fear, anger, and guilt.
The reason why literature has played such an important role in history is that it tells a story and that story may have been influenced by current events at that time. During the Revolutionary War between the American colonies and Great Britain, many playwrights, new publishers, or poets, wrote pieces expressing how they felt about the situation or maybe something revolving around the situation like war. In reference to its definition, literature is a “..form of expression” or what we informally call “feelings”. Those from the time of the founding fathers are almost guaranteed to have a different view of the world than those who lived
during the Great Depression. Despite the fact that a large portion of the literature is fiction-based, it is still important to note that the ideas that are expressed in literature have been influenced by current events during that time period.
Furthermore, a large element to consider when thinking about the relevance of literature in history is also how that writing may be interpreted apart from how it was meant to be interpreted. If we look back at literature originating more than 100 to 200 years ago, you may notice that their language or the way they speak in writing is much different from how people speak or write today. In looking to historians or those who study language, we can come to an understanding that language changes over time.
As time goes on, words may be altered or created. The result of language
changing over time is that different pieces of literature may be interpreted
differently by the average person. Historians and linguists are able to understand what certain words or phrases meant at different points in the past and can then form a translation to help us understand it ow. Literature is vital in history as it communicates how people talked or expressed their ideas in writing. In regards to the tragedy of Macbeth, it communicates the effects of what happens when someone seeks power for their own gain and how it can be damaging to them. Now, Macbeth was a fictitious story but, in looking back at history, we can see that during the time of its creation, Macbeth was written during a war. This war was the Elizabethan War between England and Spain and lasted 9 years.
(1594-1603).
In conclusion, Literature is important to our history as it contributes to our understanding of history, and with literature, we are able to see different cultures or peoples as they were.
Unit 3: Economics Assignment #3
Task: Students will utilize the US Securities and Exchange Commissions™ Roadmap to Saving and Investing website to learn about the importance of saving and how to save and invest for retirement http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/roadmap.htm. Students will research the links: o Define Your Goals
o Determine Your Risk Tolerance
o Investment Products: Your Choices
After taking detailed notes, students will write a 1-2 page essay describing information from the site and why it is important to save for the future.
_________________________________________________________
The “Roadmap to Saving and Investing” by the US Securities and Exchange Commission contains the necessary information that one would need in order to make the right choices to get where they want to be during retirement. Essentially, the advice it gives has to do with achieving personal goals, whether someone wants to be incredibly wealthy with several expensive items, or if someone wants to be very frugal with their money, it comes down to what that individual wants to do with the money that they make, and how to maximize it to meet whatever they want for their future. Trying to find a pathway for achieving what you need or want is incredibly important, and this is one of the main points discussed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Beginning with the first section, referred to as “Define Your Goals”, it advised individuals to think of what they want to save or invest for. This first step is absolutely crucial in the process of making a financial plan, because why make a financial plan if there is no plan on how to spend the money saved or received from investing? As part of “Define Your Goals,” it lists some potential things that someone might want to either save and/or invest for. Some of these things include: receiving higher education, giving your children a better life, helping to care for family members, being comfortable during retirement, and buying a home or a car. With coming to the determination of the “why” factor in terms of saving or investing, the next important thing to consider is the “when” factor. The “when” factor concerns how long do you (the individual) want it to take to save or invest for that particular thing? Some people say that they want to purchase a home by the age of 30, and for others, it’s purchasing a car for their son before they turn 16. The important thing to note here, is what is the goal, and how long do you plan to work (as in saving or investing) until you achieve it?
The next section, “Determine Your Risk Tolerance”, is all about taking the proper precautions, in order to protect your savings or investments. An important thing to note, about this article is that it directly suggests that individuals put their savings at banks that are FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) insured. This way, if the bank were to be destroyed or robbed, the FDIC would be able to ensure your savings up to a certain amount (which is up to $250,000).
Along with this, there is the issue of risk in an individual’s life such as an injury or time of unemployment where savings will be vital for support. In regards to the investing side of risk, there is a greater chance of losing money put into investments in comparison to savings. With this knowledge, it poses a question; why would you invest, if there are a lot of risks involved? The answer is that savings do not help to combat inflation (which is the decrease of the value of a currency over time). Investing, while it brings risk, does also bring opportunity and there are many different options regarding the types of investments an individual can make, whether it be higher risk-oriented investments with a higher earnings potential or lower risk-oriented investments with a lower earnings potential. As part of the article, it puts an emphasis on looking into stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, which are all on different spectrums of risk and earnings potential.
In the last section of the “Roadmap to Saving and Investing”, there is “Investment Products: Your Choices”. This section goes in-depth about the different types of investments that people can make to achieve their goals. In the beginning, it informs readers that some investments, “…make money, and some don’t” and that there is a potential to earn money in an investment if a company is doing well (meaning it has a high value for its stock). A stock’s price (for a company) is determined based on the performance of the company in comparison to its competitors. By selling a stock, you can either sell it at more than what you paid for it, the same price you bought it, or less than what you bought it for. To make money from investments in stocks, you need to sell your share(s) for more than what you paid for it. In addition, some stocks pay dividends or a share of a company’s profits based on the amount an individual owns in the company (with a share/stock).
The other two types of investments that are explained are mutual funds and bonds. With stocks and bonds, it can be a bit more complicated but essentially, with a bond, it is a loan to a borrower from an investor and this borrower uses that money to run its operations where the investor receives interest (or money) on the investment. Regarding what a mutual fund is, it is a fund or place where an investment adviser or group of investment advisers manages money given to them by other investors and put this money towards buying and selling shares, and the value of the mutual fund is determined directly by how well the company’s stocks are performing that the mutual fund has invested in.
From a wide view perspective, the article titled “The Roadmap to Saving and Investing by the US Securities and Exchange Commission helps individuals and families in the U.S. determine how and what they will achieve their goals through either investing or saving. Going into depth with both options, allows others to think about the advantages and disadvantages of each, and help them to come to a consensus on which path they will take to achieve their goals.
In my opinion, I believe that saving for the future is important if not vital to all individuals and families because it allows us to be more efficient with our time and money. By allocating funds that we have that are not considered a necessity for spending, it is beneficial to save (or invest) to use that money at a later date for something more important to that individual.
Unit 2: Economics Assignment
Assignment 3 Option 1:
Students will investigate three job opportunities in the U.S. in different sectors that are of potential interest to them. They will provide a comprehensive overview of the position, including education and training requirements, starting salary, and chances for advancement. Students will then select one of the three careers and reflect on their choice in a 1-2 page reflection.
What are your 3 chosen job opportunities?
1. General Dentist
2. Real Estate Agent
3. Restaurant Owner
Research/Overview section
I. Dentist
The General Dentistry profession is among the highest-ranking job opportunities on this list with a starting salary of $130,000 but this is by far the most expensive job option. Early on in the career, the Dentist has little flexibility most likely because of student loans and other loans that are associated with starting a practice (depending on the area in which they reside). Becoming a dentist usually requires about 8 years of schooling (undergraduate and graduate degrees combined). During their time in dental school, there are several requirements such as shadowing hours, residency training, etc. In regards to chances for advancement, General Dentists have many options, and this would be typically referred to as “specialization” where they can take an additional 2 to 4 years of schooling to specialize in other parts of Dentistry such as Pediatric Dentistry, Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontia, Indodontia, etc.
II. Real Estate Agent
The real estate agent has the most flexibility in terms of salary with a starting salary of $23,000 but also doesn’t require a high degree. To become a Real Estate Agent, the individual must be at least 18 years old and must have obtained their Highschool Diploma or GED. For schooling, students are required to be registered for and complete 135 of required training/education in order to obtain licensure as an Agent. In regards to chances for advancement, the agent has the ability to progress to become a real estate broker who can own their own brokerage and have other agents work under them.
III. Restaurant Owner
Becoming a Restaurant Owner takes a long amount of schooling, but typically, most owners of restaurants either have a Bachelor’s or Associate’s Degree in Business, Accounting, Management, Culinary Arts, or some other major. In general, in the United States, restaurant owners have a starting salary of $88,346 but this average can vary drastically (as businesses can either succeed or fail). As for chances for advancement, restaurant owners typically can expand their business, not necessarily go through more schooling.
Chosen Career? General Dentistry
Ever since the start of my 8th-grade year in middle school, the field of Dentistry has been of high interest to me. Out of the three choices, this profession is by far the most demanding in terms of schooling requirements but offers many possibilities in terms of what I can do with my degree and it also has multiple ways I can further progress. If I do become a general dentist, I can decide to go back to school to specialize in a particular field like Orthodontics or Pediatric Dentistry which can increase my overall earnings potential in comparison to being a general dentist. In addition, this job profession is incredibly rewarding with the starting salary and Dentists are in demand in multiple areas of the United States.
Along with this, I am someone who loves to help others, and being in the healthcare industry is something very important to me personally. Even though tuition is very expensive for Dental school, and there is a high likelihood of me taking out many school-related loans, it is still a profession I want to go into. According to my career plan, I want to apply for the Navy HSCP scholarship which will allow me to defer many of my loans during Dental school and will enable me to serve in the navy, as I want to (about 4 years in a contract term). This gives me the opportunity to serve in humanitarian missions around the world and gain a lot of experience as a Dentist.
Unit 1: Economics Assignment
Option 1: Students will write a 2-4 page paper to demonstrate an understanding of economics and its fundamental principles, explaining the difference between traditional, command, and market economies. In addition, the essay must discuss the major characteristics of the American free enterprise economy and the major types of economic organizations in the United States.
By looking at the very complex topic of Economics, most recognize the multiplicity of theories that revolve around the idea of the exchange of goods and services among others within a certain region or area. Going further into the makeup of an economy of an area, there are multiple factors that affect its success. The four major things that affect the successfulness of an economy are Supply and Demand, Economic Incentives, Scarcity, and Costs and Benefits.
Beginning with the concept of Supply and Demand in an Economy, this is what a market system is driven by. There are three different types of market systems which include: a traditional economy, a market economy, a command economy, or a mix of those three. All of the different types of market systems vary in terms of advantages and disadvantages but in regards to the market system that the United States utilizes; we use a mixed economy that combines both aspects of a command economy and a market economy. Supply and Demand come into play when goods are concerned and can affect the price of items. An example of the concept of Supply and Demand in a real-world setting is a high demand for a certain product like Semiconductor chips that are used in smartphones, automobiles, computers, and tablets but due to a shortage of that item or a low supply, its price can go very high.
Regards to Economic Incentives and the role they play in an Economy, it is strongly tied to the concept of supply and demand. When the demand for a good is high, the market value for that item increases which gives producers of that particular item a higher incentive to produce more of it because of its higher value and higher earnings potential. There is a similar outcome when there is a shortage or scarcity of a good which can affect other producers and cause them to drive their costs up in regard to the consumers. In theory, the only way for prices to go down is if there is a surplus or a supply of a good that overcomes the demand for it. An example of this concept is visible in Chain grocery stores where if there is a surplus of an item that isn’t selling; it causes them to drive the price downward in order to give the consumer an incentive to purchase it.
With respect to another factor in an economy; Costs and Benefits are two things that affect the success of an economy. This economic concept is in close relation to Economic Incentives where people essentially try to maximize the benefits they have in comparison to the costs that come along with making a decision. A great example of this concept that applies to both the consumer and business sides of the economy would be if there was a high demand for a specific flavor of chocolate bar. Businesses are incentivized to produce more of it only if the benefits outweigh the costs associated with hiring more employees, better machinery, etc. Consumers, make a similar decision where they may see the popular flavor of chocolate but only choose to purchase the best-tasting brand if it fitted with their expectations (in terms of price) but if it did not, they would purchase the lesser quality brand.
In connection with all of these concepts that make up an Economy, there is the last important part which is Scarcity. In a sense, most people have a knowledge of scarcity whether it be in relation to products that they favor or resources that they use in their everyday lives like water. Despite those who may be unaware of scarcity, it affects everyone in different economies around the world because Earth has a limited amount of resources which tends to affect the economies vary dramatically, especially in recent years. This reality has forced individuals and businesses to make decisions that are closely related to the allocation of resources and how to properly utilize them for current or future use.
Now that I have explained the 4 concepts that affect economies, I would like to focus on the makeup of the United States economy, which is referred to as one of the least regulated markets in the world. As I mentioned in my explanation of the concept of Supply and Demand, the United States operates as both a market economy and a command economy. So what is a market and command economy? According to Oxford Languages, the term “market economy” is: “an economic system in which production and prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses.” and a “command economy” is “an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.”. The United States is able to have a mix of these two economic systems by integrating free-market principles when it comes to business services and consumer goods. But in regards when the United States is in defense or protection of its economy, it does contain government regulation which is a major part of the command economy concept.
The command, market, and traditional economies differ in several ways. Starting with a traditional economy, this usually refers to economies that are in development where it is based on traditions and beliefs that help to shape the way goods and services are offered.
All economies that are free market, command, or mixed all evolved from a traditional economy. In free-market economies, supply and demand determine the production of services and goods whereas a command economy’s economic decisions are not determined by supply and demand but by the government instead.
In the United States, there are several economic institutions that all have to do with the regulation of certain things in the economy in order to keep it somewhat healthy. One example of an economic institution is the United States Department of Agriculture which is mainly responsible for establishing laws that regulate the Agricultural industry in regard to general farming, food, and forestry. Other federal institutions in relation to the economy are the US Internal Revenue System, the United States Department of Commerce, the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, and others.
In conclusion, there are 3 different economic systems in the world that all differ in their success and 4 concepts that affect those economies.
Sources:
1. https://gocardless.com/en-us/guides/posts/what-type-of-economy-does-the-u-s-hav e/#:~:text=Created%20by%20the%20United%20States,operates%20as%20a%20fr ee%20market.
2. https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en/
3. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/five-economic-concepts-need -to-know.asp
Keoni Buenavista
Date: 05/19/2022
Prompt: Why is higher education such an important goal in life? Is it really necessary for people to go to college (4-year university)?
In a world of improving technology, gaining higher education is an important goal for the majority of society as jobs will continue to become more scarce. Gaining a higher education in a specific field of study gives individuals a higher opportunity in the job market. Employers in all sectors generally favor experienced and educated individuals over ones that have little to no experience or education.
Along with the benefits of gaining more knowledge in particular fields though, universities provide a way for students to explore interests in a wide range of fields. Those students may have perhaps gotten into a university with a specific career path in mind, but with the diversity that most universities offer, they can see which paths interest them the most, and allow them to gain more insight on different subjects.
In fields such as engineering, medical, and other forms of technological innovation, there have been multiple advances that have lessened the need for workers with less experience or education. Not only is attaining higher education a goal that many won’t, but it is also a goal that they need to succeed in the ever-more highly competitive job market. Advancements in robotics and machinery have taken ordinary jobs in the industry away such as in manufacturing. The individuals that are considered more favorably amongst employers are those who know how to operate, maintain, and service machinery as machinery costs less money in the long term for employers in comparison to paying an employee a wage.
Given the other opportunities that come with taking college courses at an accredited university, there is also the social aspect. The social aspect of college gives students the ability to network and find positions for jobs after they have received their degree in whichever field that they decide to pursue. Also, it is a way for students to find themselves, and to develop their interests such as in the arts. Looking at what college offers, and the possible negative effects that come along with not continuing one’s education, obtaining higher education is far more desirable.
Keoni Buenavista
Date: 05/18/2022
Prompt: State and describe some of the different fields of study within economics, why they are important, and what can be found in them.
As a social science, economics is a field of study that looks into the interworkings of the consumption of goods and services, distribution, and production. Within the study of economics, there are other fields some of which are: Microeconomics, macroeconomics, applied economics, and normative economics. All of these fields specialize in a sector of study that relates to the core of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services within a certain region.
Microeconomics essentially looks at how businesses and individuals behave when it comes to allocating materials that are scarce and how these different entities interact. The main focus of Microeconomics is on the study of individual markets, sectors, or industries as opposed to the national economy as a whole, which is emphasized in macroeconomics. A major objective of microeconomics the effects of what happens in markets on relative prices among goods and services.
On the other hand, macroeconomics observes and studies the structure, performance, and behavior of an economy, along with the decisions that are made, on a global scale. Additionally, Macroeconomists study topics such as Gross Domestic Product, unemployment, national income, price increases, output, consumption, inflation, saving, investment, energy, international trade, and international finance. With both fields relating to microeconomics and Macroeconomics, they have different models that help to represent research found about a certain demographic or another insight into causes and effects within an economy.
Another field of study in economics that differs from traditional economical studies is Normative economics. Normative economics has an emphasis on the idea of equality in an economy and what things should be regarding the goals of public policy or the outcome of what happens in an economy. For example, this form of studying an economy looks at what is practical or makes sense such as the statement that the price of a gallon of milk should be a certain amount to give dairy farmers he higher standard of living, and so they can further invest in their farm. From this statement, increasing the milk price would make sense, because of what it can do to help another entity.
The last field of applied economics, has to o with actually applying theories made in the study of economics to specific settings. These specific settings may be applied to different sectors of the workforce or an economy such as business, industry, agriculture, engineering, financial, health, and more. With economic development in mind, this form of economic study functions as a way to improve the quality of business practices and policy-making across nations.
In conclusion, economics along with its specialized fields of study look at certain parts of how an economy operates and how certain ideas can lead to different effects. To elaborate, the cause could be the government regulation on certain products in an economy which has the effect of less economic growth in that sector. Generally, these fields of study help others to understand how the economy works, how others are affected by certain actions, and how to prevent certain events from happening that could be catastrophic.
Keoni Buenavista
Date: 05/18/2022
Prompt: Dentistry is one of the most important industries today. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? State your opinion and give reasoning.
The field of oral medicine (or also referred to as Dentistry) is one of the most important medical fields because the oral cavity is a vital part of the human body. The functions as a way for people to eat, drink and speak. Without those abilities, people would not be able to live or communicate easily. Dentistry is a field that is dedicated specifically to preventing, providing diagnosis, studying, and treating all types of oral diseases that can severely affect one’s quality of life, and normal human functions.
Historically, oral diseases and forms of treatment have been around for centuries. In less advantaged socio-economic groups, dental issues have been the most prevalent, as access to oral healthcare is not generally available. Additionally, the World Health Organization states that “oral diseases are major public health problems due to their high incidence and prevalence across the globe..”. Some of the most common dental treatments are related to tooth decay and gum disease, which many populations need. With the other types of diseases or issues about oral health or appearance, different fields within dentistry tend to those specific problems.
Studies or practices within the General Dentistry field are Oral Anesthesia, Dental Public Health, Cosmetic dentistry, Endodontics, Older adult Dental care (periodontics), oral and maxillofacial pathology, radiology, and surgery, oral biology, implants, forensics, medicine, pediatrics, periodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics. Out of these specific fields, one of the most popular practices in dentistry that has shown demand among the public is Orthodontics. Essentially, this field maintains a process that straightens the teeth of patients as well as modifies the growth of the mandible, and midface. This field along with cosmetic and pediatric dentistry help to improve the quality of life of individuals. Generally, with oral issues such as crooked teeth or bad teeth appearance, it keeps some people from smiling, which indirectly affects the approachability of someone in a social environment.
Another way that the dental industry has shown its importance, even outside of traditional healthcare is in the field of crime, animal welfare, veterinary medicine, and sometimes in the field of paleontology. Forensic odontology is the main contributor to solving cases involving a crime, whether it be to identify a body or to find the individual who committed the crime. Also, veterinary medicine has benefited from the study of the oral cavity by extending to animals as well, which may have oral health diseases that need treatment. The field of Paleontology as it studies pre-existing life may come across fossils containing dental structures, that could be documented in a field of dentistry, such as with ancient humans, or with other forms of life as well.
On a global scale, the individuals have benefited from dentistry through the field of Dental public health as well. Essentially, this specific sector in dentistry handles the promotion of oral health and the prevention of oral diseases around the world. One of the main functions of this field is to reduce demand on health care systems by redirection of resources to priority areas. Many regions around the world all face similar issues about dental disease, especially in developing countries. The issues that professionals in the Dental Public Health space aim to solve as well as the implementation of policies and principles but they vary due to the availability of resources. Similar to public health, an understanding of the many factors that influence health will assist the implementation of effective strategies.
In conclusion, the industry of dentistry is a vital function in healthcare and outside of it as well. Studies in this field have made major contributions in history to the quality of life of people and to solve other problems as well.
Categories
Writing Prompt #14
Keoni Buenavista
Date: 05/16/2022
Prompt: What is the importance of volunteerism in communities and businesses?
Volunteerism is an important, if not vital function in communities because of many reasons one of those being because it helps to strengthen communities and families. In volunteering, individuals or groups help others in some, way, shape, or form, through service. This service may be needed in all places in a community, such as in businesses, neighborhoods, and public services. Many groups of people, when it comes to volunteering like to give their service to go work towards fighting the effects of natural disasters in their local areas. Different regions of the world, experience different types of disasters. For example, the midwest part of the United States experiences tornadoes, hurricanes, and harsh snow; while the west coast experiences more frequent earthquakes, flooding/storms, and wildfires. Volunteers who are willing to receive training in how to help handle a situation like the ones I have recently stated in their local areas are useful to emergency responders like the police, fire department, EMTs, and Paramedics. Organizations like CERT or Citizen’s Corps integrate training into their programs which allows volunteers to have some basic training to deal with a possible incident that was to occur.
Training individuals in natural disasters usually take-up up 5 sectors of responsibility with those being: Medical treatment, Medical Triage, Search and Rescue, Safety, and Fire suppression. Starting with Safety, individuals responsible check on volunteer members before they fulfill their responsibilities to make sure that they are safe and well-equipped for the job that they are going to do. These individuals also determine safe or unsafe working environments, ensure a team’s accountability, supervise operations where volunteer members and victims have a physical risk and tell volunteer members when unsafe working conditions are present.
Fire Suppression Team (2 people). Work under the supervision of a Team Leader to suppress small fires in designated work areas or as needed; when not accomplishing their primary mission, assist the search and rescue team or triage team; assist in evacuation and transport as needed; assist in the triage or treatment area as needed, other duties as assigned; communicate with Team Leader.
Search and Rescue Team/Extraction start work under the supervision of a Team Leader, searching for and providing rescue of victims as is prudent under the conditions, also bringing injured people to triage or the hospital for medical treatment; when not accomplishing their primary mission, assist the Fire Suppression Team, assist in the triage or treatment area as needed; other duties as assigned; communicate with Team Leader.
Medical Triage Team/Field Medics work under the supervision of a Team Leader, providing triage for victims found at the scene; marking victims with category of injury per the standard operating procedures; when not accomplishing their primary mission, assist the Fire Suppression Team if needed, assist the Search and Rescue Team if needed, assist in the Medical Triage Area if needed, assist in the Treatment Area if needed, other duties as assigned; communicate with Incident Commander.
An equipment trailer belonging to the Springfield, Illinois CERT program.
Medical Treatment Team. These individuals work under the supervision of the Team Leader, providing medical treatment to victims within the scope of their training. This task is normally accomplished in the Treatment Area, however, it may take place in the affected area as well. When not accomplishing their primary mission, assist the Fire Suppression Team as needed, assist the Medical Triage Team as needed; other duties as assigned; communicate with the Team Leader.
Even with untrained individuals or groups of people, they can still make a difference, even if it is a small one. For the natural disaster incidence example, they can help with logistical needs, such as getting medical supplies, food, water, and other useful items. Another type of way that untraining volunteers could help us with planning and donations as well. If organizations that help first responders during an emergency are given further tools or funding to do their jobs, it is incredibly helpful and has a large impact. Individuals who may not have an interest in the risk involved with volunteering in natural disaster situations may also get involved in schools, corporations (businesses), for the environment, or online (virtual).
Starting with the importance of environmental volunteering and what it is; it refers to the volunteers who contribute to environmental management or conservation. Volunteers can engage in a wide range of activities that include projects such as environmental monitoring, restoration of ecosystems(, like re-vegetation and weed removal), protecting endangered animals, and educating other volunteers or groups about the natural environment. From this, service in this category for communities is not only helpful to local ecosystems, but also for education, and perhaps persuades others to be more environmentally conscious.
Volunteering virtually is another way that people have helped their community or other communities. Popular virtual volunteer opportunities related to education such as tutoring for a subject, helping to teach others a language (or practice), or giving advice and information to others who want to go down a certain career path that the volunteer may already be in. This form of volunteering is important as it provides a way for others to help those within or outside their community if they cannot attend in=person events or opportunities.
The last form of volunteering has to do with schooling and corporate volunteering. With the business side of volunteering, people can help them to maintain sustainability efforts or do simple things for the experience. In schools, this has relation to virtual volunteering, regarding education, but it may be in-person. Resource-poor schools around the world rely on government support or efforts from volunteers and private donations, to run effectively. In some countries, whenever the economy is down, the need for volunteers and resources increases greatly. To add to this, there are several opportunities available in school systems for volunteers. This form has shown its impact as cultural and language exchange during teaching and other school activities can be the most essential learning experience for both students and volunteers.
Keoni Buenavista
Date: 05/16/2022
Prompt: What is prepping? Why should communities be involved in it/ why is it important?
The act of preparation has been a large part of what humans have invested their time into, and this has been shown historically. During World War II, countries involved such as the United States, the British Empire, France, Germany, China, and Russia all had some forms of preparation. Now, these preparations were mainly war-related such as emergency medical supplies, food rations, firearms, and ammunition; but the act of “prepping” can be applied to civilians too, even if it isn’t preparing for a large disaster. Prepping, also given the term “survivalism” is essentially a social movement that involved groups or individuals who take a proactive approach to possible emergencies or disasters whether they be natural, intentional, or related to political, social, or economic issues.
Looking at the core foundation of prepping, is to be prepared for events that situations that may be or may not be initially expected for the long and short term. Some categories of issues that preppers are proactive about relate to things such as having a personal emergency, a global or international issue, or a disruption to the goods and services available to them. The basic idea is to have the skills and tools you need when something unexpected happens. Those that engage in the movement generally believe that not having the things you need during an emergency, no matter the magnitude, will have a negative outcome. For example, if there were to be a catastrophic earthquake in the bay area of San Diego, multiple things would be affected. For some, their life may have been put in jeopardy, or there is a loss of utilities (gas, electricity, water) in some regions, or destroyed infrastructure and buildings. To prepare for a situation like this, individuals and communities need to stock up on supplies and learn safety and medical knowledge/skills, to survive, be sustained, or have a better quality of life during a disaster.
About the knowledge or skills that individuals who take action in prepping; essentially learn principles and techniques that they believe are needed for surviving life-threatening situations that can occur at any time and location. They prepare for such catastrophes that could result in physical harm or require immediate attention or defense from threats. Survivalists combat disasters by attempting to prevent and mitigate damage caused by these factors. Additionally, they invest in materials for re-inforcing structures and tools for rebuilding and constructing temporary shelters. While assuming the long-term continuity of society, some may have invested in a custom-built shelter, food, water, medicine, and enough supplies to get by until contact with the rest of the world resumes following a natural emergency.
Personal emergencies are also a major category that preppers keep in mind. This may range from the loss of a job within a family, a medical emergency, or the loss of a family member. Having the necessary tools and supplies needed (relating to funds) is important, if not vital to someone’s well-being. An additional function that families and individuals do to prepare in this category is properly assessing funds that would be needed during an emergency.
In conclusion, prepping is a function that allows people to have a better quality of life when a disaster occurs, whether that disaster is big or small. In addition, prepping allows future generations to be benefited as well if the disaster has long-term effects.